Class effect of beta-blockers in survivors of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A nationwide cohort study using an insurance claims database

Beta-blockers can help reduce mortality following acute myocardial infarction (MI); however, whether beta-blockers exert a class effect remains controversial. This study identified all patients with first ST-elevation MI for the period of 2003 to 2010 from the National Health Insurance claims database, Taiwan. We compared patients prescribed carvedilol, bisoprolol, and propranolol. Study outcomes included all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and recurrence of MI. The propensity scores were constructed using multinomial logistic regression to model the receipt of different beta-blockers. Treating carvedilol group as a reference, we employed a simultaneous three-group comparison approach using the Cox regression model with adjustment for the propensity scores to compare the relative risks of various outcomes. Among the 16836 patients, 7591 were prescribed carvedilol, 5934 bisoprolol, and 3311 propranolol. Mean follow-up time was one year. After accounting for baseline differences, patients treated with bisoprolol (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.72-1.05, p = 0.14) or propranolol (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.84-1.36, p = 0.58) had a similar risk of all-cause death in comparison with carvedilol. No significant differences were observed among three beta-blocker groups with regard to the risks of cardiovascular death and recurrence of MI. Our results suggest that beta-blockers exert a possible class effect in the treatment of acute MI.